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The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
''The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson'' is a talk show hosted by Johnny Carson under ''The Tonight Show'' franchise from October 1, 1962 through May 22, 1992. It originally aired during late-night. For its first decade, Johnny Carson's ''The Tonight Show'' was based at Thirty Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, with some episodes recorded at NBC-TV's West Coast studios in Burbank, California; on May 1, 1972, the show was moved exclusively to Burbank.〔(Carson, however, brought the show back to Manhattan in November 1972, and again in May 1973).〕 In 2002, ''The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson'' was ranked #12 on ''TV Guide''s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and in 2013, it was ranked #22 on their list of 60 Best Series.〔(TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time )〕
== Format ==
Johnny Carson's ''Tonight Show'' established the modern format of the late-night talk show: a monologue sprinkled with a rapid-fire series of 16 to 22 one-liners (Carson had a rule of no more than two on the same subject) was followed by sketch comedy, then moving on to guest interviews and musical performances. Particularly during the early years of Carson's tenure, his guests included politicians such as former U. S. Vice President (and future U.S. President) Richard M. Nixon, former U. S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and (near the end of his run) presidential candidate Bill Clinton; by 1970, Carson had settled into interviewing as guests people that had a book, movie, television show, or stage performance to promote. Other regulars were selected for their entertainment or information value, in contrast to those who offered more cerebral conversation; Carson was very uncomfortable with discussing politics on The Tonight Show out of fear it might alienate his audience,〔http://www.anb.org/articles/18/18-03822-print.html〕 and it was Carson's preference for access to Hollywood stars that caused the show's move to the West Coast on May 1, 1972.〔Carter, Bill (March 20, 2013). (‘Tonight’ Show Expected to Return to New York, With Fallon ). ''The New York Times''. Retrieved March 20, 2013.〕 When asked about intellectual conversation on ''Tonight'', Carson and his staff invariably cited "Carl Sagan, Paul Ehrlich, Margaret Mead, Gore Vidal, Shana Alexander, Madalyn Murray O'Hair" as guests; one television critic stated, however, "he always presented them as if they were spinach for your diet when he did (such names )".〔Simon, Jeff (July 9, 2013). (The return of Johnny Carson — on TCM ). ''The Buffalo News''. Retrieved July 9, 2013.〕 Psychologist Joyce Brothers was also one of Carson's most frequent guests. Carson strongly disliked prop comedy and generally refused to have such comics on his show; such acts (Gallagher being a prominent example) only appeared on nights when guests hosted the show.〔(Episode 145 – Gallagher ), ''WTF with Marc Maron'', wtfpod.com〕
Carson almost never socialized with guests before or after the show; frequent interviewee Orson Welles recalled that ''Tonight'' employees were astonished when Carson visited Welles's dressing room to say hello before a show. Unlike his avuncular counterparts Merv Griffin, Mike Douglas, and Dick Cavett, Carson was a comparatively "cool" host who only laughed when genuinely amused and abruptly cut short monotonous or embarrassingly inept interviewees. Mort Sahl recalled, "The producer crouches just off camera and holds up a card that says, ‘Go to commercial.’ So Carson goes to a commercial and the whole team rushes up to his desk to discuss what had gone wrong, like a pit stop at Le Mans." Actor Robert Blake once compared being interviewed by Carson to "facing the death squad" or "Broadway on opening night." The publicity value of appearing on ''Tonight'' was so great, however, that most guests were willing to subject themselves to the risk.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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